A recently identified security flaw affecting both Firefox and Tor Browser has been patched following responsible disclosure to Mozilla. The vulnerability exploited the behavior of the IndexedDB API to generate a stable fingerprint tied to the browser process, capable of tracking users across different websites and surviving private browsing sessions.
The flaw was uncovered by security researchers Dai Nguyen and Martin Bajanik during an internal investigation into browser fingerprinting techniques. Their findings revealed that the indexeddb.databases() API, a standard developer tool for inspecting client-side databases, could be weaponized to produce a consistent, process-bound identifier that persisted well beyond what privacy-conscious users would expect.
At the heart of the issue is how Firefox manages IndexedDB database names during private browsing. Rather than storing human-readable labels, the browser converts them into UUID-based identifiers and organizes them within a globally shared hash table. When a site calls indexeddb.databases(), the returned results are ordered according to the internal layout of that hash table. Crucially, this layout does not change for as long as the browser process is running, meaning the ordering is effectively deterministic and reproducible.
This behavior had serious cross-site tracking implications. Two completely unrelated websites running the same script could independently observe the same database ordering and use it to silently correlate a user's browsing activity across origins, without relying on cookies, localStorage, or any conventional tracking method.
The persistence of the identifier made the flaw especially damaging from a privacy perspective. In Firefox, the fingerprint survived the closure of all private windows as long as the browser itself remained open. In Tor Browser, which is built on Mozilla's Gecko engine and inherits much of Firefox's underlying architecture, the identifier even outlasted the "New Identity" feature, a function specifically designed to sever session continuity by wiping state and cycling network circuits.
Researchers also highlighted the high-entropy potential of the attack. By deliberately varying the number of IndexedDB databases created, a malicious site could permute the returned results to encode a unique value. Using just 16 databases, the achievable entropy is approximately 44 bits, sufficient to uniquely identify individual browser instances across diverse real-world populations.
Mozilla resolved the vulnerability in Firefox 150 and ESR 140.10.0, catalogued under bug 2024220. The fix standardizes the ordering of results returned by indexeddb.databases(), removing the unpredictable variance introduced by internal data structures. Importantly, the API's intended functionality for developers remains intact.
For users still running older versions, restarting the browser process will temporarily reset the identifier, as it does not persist across full restarts. However, upgrading to the latest release of either Firefox or Tor Browser remains the recommended course of action to fully eliminate the risk.
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